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I’ve been thinking a lot recently about how everything is connected. Amy wrote a post about the relationship between Deleuze and Guatarri’s rhizomatics and social networking today (we’re often in tune that way!) I’m also reading Michael Frayn’s “The Human Touch” which wonderfully explores our embedded, connected existence, the centrality of our subjective perspective, and our active participation in the creation of the world we experience. The chapter I just read was entitled “Why the marmalade?”, a crystal clear examination of how we attempt to explain events (all explanations are partial, developing, multiple). This is the same ground of thought I’m also reading in an ancient two volume set of Alexander’s “Space, Time and Deity” which I just got through abebooks, having read about his work in Michael Ward’s “Planet Narnia” where he described how C S Lewis took on board Alexander’s idea about two kinds of experience – enjoyed and contemplated.

Well, I could go on….see how once you start to a pull at a thread you find it’s connected to everything else?

Here are some bridges and paths which caught my eye recently……

Heian Jingu Kyoto

Heian Jingu Kyoto

Kyoto

tokyo bay

Heian Jingu Kyoto

Fushimi Inari

Heian Jingu Kyoto

Living stone

It strikes me that in Japanese culture there is a great and sensitive understanding of the life, or the spirit, of stone. I was struck by that as I wandered through a couple of Japanese gardens recently. You just don’t see rocks like these in UK gardens, and there’s something about them which makes you SEE them when you might never have been used to seeing rocks before. Take a look at these examples and see if they change the way you notice stone over the next few days.

stone in the garden

stone in the garden

stone in the garden

stone in the garden

stone in the garden

Time to reflect

I am a great fan of Japanese gardens. They have a design aesthetic which is quite different from the one which is the basis of most UK gardens. One of the elements I especially enjoy is their use of water. There is something amazingly calming about reflecting on the reflections……

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

Heian Jingu Shrine reflections Kyoto

While away on a trip to Japan recently I came across a news item about Bhutan’s development of a national happiness index. I’d read about this a few years ago and thought it was interesting but maybe just a gimmick or a passing fancy. I think it was the King of Bhutan who decided that instead of measuring and reporting the “GDP” (“Gross Domestic Product”) of the country each year, it would be more useful to measure and report the “GNH” (“Gross National Happiness”). Well, apparently others, including the IMF asked the rulers of Bhutan exactly how they thought they could measure such a thing, and this has encouraged a wide-ranging and elaborate process of developing and experimenting with “tools” to measure the GNH.
They decided that happiness involved significant achievements in each of nine core dimensions of which happiness and well-being were constituted.

1.    Psychological Well-being
2.   Time Use
3.   Community Vitality
4.   Culture
5.   Health
6.   Education
7.   Environmental Diversity
8.   Living Standard
9.   Governance
Each of these domains is made up a number of indicators and you can read descriptions of each of these dimensions and their indicators here

This work is way too vast to reproduce in a blog post but I encourage you to follow the link to the Bhutan government’s site about this and have a browse. The range of questions they ask is astonishing, comprehensive and holistic. They have a distinct cultural flavour which is appropriate to Bhutan but the general principles are certainly transferrable to other cultures. What fascinates me is the emphasis given by the this approach on the subjective experiences of the population. It seems a serious attempt to put the sum of personal experience above the sum of material goods and wealth.

When I returned home, I stumbled on the “New Economics Foundation”  who have produced an interesting report entitled “National Accounts of Well-being” which compares quality of life indices across 22 European countries. This work covers some similar domains to the Bhutan work, but it reads almost like a subset of that latter project. In particular they consider Personal well-being, Social well-being and Work well-being. Social well-being is split into Supportive relationships and Trust and belonging, whilst Personal well-being is split into Emotional well-being, Satisfying life, Vitality, Resilience and self-esteem, and Positive functioning (each of which are further subdivided)
The results of this European work can be explored in a fascinating interactive website here

I find both of these projects fascinating. They demonstrate serious attempts to value human experience over that of indicators of material production and consumption. What do you think?

Resilience

If control is a delusion, and it’s pursuit is ultimately futile, what would be a better strategy? Given the complexity of human, social and global life, accurate predictions are not feasible. The grander the scale of the prediction, the more likely it will turn out to be wrong.
However, at a personal level, we need some degree of predictability in life, some sense that not all of life is random or chaotic. Maybe a better strategy is to expect the typical but be prepared to cope with the atypical. You can apply this idea at any level – personal, political, economic, or environmental.
What we need in order to cope better with the unpredictability of reality is resilience.

But what is resilience?
Resilience involves a number of different factors and characteristics. Let’s examine some of them briefly, just to lay out a map for further exploration.
Take a look at these photos of bamboo.

bamboo

bamboo shadow leaves

Bamboo has two essential qualities which make it so resilient. Strength and flexibility.
At first glance, these can seem like two mutually opposite qualities. How can something be  both flexible and strong? How can something bend and resist? How can you change and not change?
Resilience involves many factors but let’s first examine these two apparently contradictory ones. Both are needed, and neither can be considered either superior to the other, or more essential than the other.

The ability change or adapt.
Flexibility is the ability to adapt to changing circumstances or environments. We may have to change our behaviour if we find ourselves in changed situations. If we can only behave in one particular way, then that lack of flexibility, that inability to change what we do, reduces our capacity to adapt, and therefore our resilience. We are less able to cope with change when we ourselves are unable to change.
Along with flexibility, we need spontaneity. An inability to be spontaneous will restrict our options, reduce our choices and our strategies for successful coping. Spontaneity involves not only a change in behaviour, but new behaviour. In biological and physical terms such new behaviour has been termed “emergence”. Emergence is the capacity of a system to exhibit previously unseen behaviours. This is a core creative process. Creativity is the ability to make, or see, things anew. It’s the ability to make changes, to make a difference. Creativity, of course, is highly dependent on imagination. Without imagination, how can we move to somewhere we’ve never been before? A change of behaviour is not, of course, always about brand new actions. It can be a change to a previously learned strategy, one which worked before in similar circumstances. In other words, the flexible aspect of resilience also involves the ability to learn, and that entails both memory and communication (after all one of our greatest strengths as a species is our ability to learn from others – our ability to communicate over space and time)
The other side of resilience is the ability to resist change. There’s something about the coherence and integrity of a system that requires strength, stamina and the determination to pursue a particular path. If I try to change to fit in with every change of everyone around me, I’ll begin to lose my sense of self. To be resilient I need energy, strength, the ability to persist in the face of adversity. I need the capacity to conserve my life, my health, the capacity to sustain and to persist to a significant degree.
So there’s the paradox at the heart of resilience – flexibility and sustainability. The ability to change and the ability to persist.
I think this is our agenda for the future at all levels. Changing our focus from control to resilience. We need a new politics, a new economics and a new way of living based on resilience, not illusory control.

One of the most amazing capabilities of the human mind is the imagination. However, this great ability brings certain difficulties, not least of which is being able to imagine our own mortality. It’s this existential fear which underlies most, if not all, other specific fears. Whilst very few people actually believe it’s possible to escape death, most of us find it difficult to face the reality of our own mortality. We seem to have no control over such significant events as our own birth or death. The apparent randomness and chaos of the universe has driven human beings to pursue ways of living which enable them to cope with all the daily uncertainties which arise. Over the course of several hundred years we have moved from strategies based on beliefs in supernatural forces which are in control of everything to ones based on beliefs that human beings can be in control of everything. In effect, we’ve seen the decline of religion’s power to give a sense of things being in control and a rise in the belief that science endows humans with such power.
In many cultures the supernatural forces in control of everything are not necessarily benevolent, and even when they are considered to be benevolent their actions are still not predictable. In attempts to assuage the feelings of fear and uncertainty rituals and sacrifices were created to try to influence the actions of the gods. Even with the emergence of monotheistic religions based on a belief in a loving Creator God, human beings were still not able to predict His actions. At best, a Christian, Jew or Muslim, finds peace of mind by letting go of the pursuit of predictability and certainty by trusting that God is benevolent and all will not only be well, but all that happens is, as God wishes, the best for us. Fundamentalists of all flavours, however, do not seem comfortable to leave Life and the World to God, but instead feel driven to impose strict behaviours and even thought patterns on believers and non-believers alike.
With the Renaissance and the developments of rationalism and the “scientific method”, human beings began to believe they could develop deep understandings of life and the universe. We began to use observations, logic and experiment to create “laws” based on highly predictable patterns. We have pursued this path relentlessly for the last 400 years. This shift in focus from the supernatural to the natural has, however, been focused on the same goal – the minimisation of uncertainty, and the parallel maximisation of feelings of control. Physicists still pursue the “theory of everything” in an attempt to use that understanding to control everything.
But control is still beyond our grasp. We are still mortal. None of us can know the exact span of our lives in advance and we find we can neither control ourselves nor others. We can neither predict nor determine the future, at any level – individual, communal or global. At an individual level we drive away the fear of chaos and unpredictability by settling into routines and rituals. One of my favourite novels of all time is “Rituals”, by Cees Nooteboom, (ISBN 1-86046-048-8), a story of a father and son who each have their powerful (and constraining) ways of imposing their personal power on their own lives through ritual, in the father’s case, through a strict set of time set routines which establish the value of punctuality as the highest of all his values, and in the son, through his fascination with Japanese pottery, and the tea ceremony. We all need routines and rhythms to our lives but when the need for control dominates these routines can become obsessions and compulsions, limiting our lives instead of stimulating growth.
At the communal level we seem to be moving fast towards George Orwell’s nightmare “1984” vision of increasing surveillance and attempts to control “unhealthy behaviours” whilst experiencing increasing levels of chronic disease and crime. A day or two after I started to write this post I read a review of Jim Jarmusch’s new movie “Limits of Control” where the author cited an essay by William Burroughs as the source of the movie’s title.  (see “how to make a zombie” )
In recent years governments have acted as if they have the power to control global phenomena when all they have is actually the power to make an impact. The consequences of each action, of each impact, turn out to be both unpredictable and uncontrollable. We see this in War (Iraq, Afghanistan etc); we see it in the economy (credit crunch, “boom and bust” cycles, the fall of the “Masters of the Universe”); we see it in climate change; we see it in rising levels of crime, drug abuse, and chronic disease.
Control is a delusion.
It was a delusion when human beings thought they could influence supernatural forces and it remains a delusion when human beings think they can control individual, social or global phenomena.
It’s frightening to be “out of control”. Yet, the relentless pursuit of more control just creates more and more anxiety as at our deepest levels we realise control continuously escapes our grasp. A greater risk from this control agenda is that we create ever more zombies, and lose our chance to become ever more human.
It’s time for a new direction. We have to replace the pursuit of control with something else. Something more real, and, therefore, something more to likely support human life, and to encourage development.
What might the new direction be?  A shift from increasing control to increasing resilience. Letting go of the pursuit of certainty and relishing the experience of the present, the wonder of life and the excitement of creation. Moving towards an agenda of adaptability and sustainability, of quality over quantity. Pursuing diversity instead of standardisation and valuing continual, dynamic experience over goals and outcomes.

Today I took a short trip on the train from Kyoto to Inari.
When you get off the train in Inari Station, turn left, then immediately up the first road on your right you’ll see the first two of 10,000 Torii gates winding up the hillside on which the shrine is built.

inari

Once you’ve climbed to the top of the hill you can look back to where you started and out over the whole of Kyoto.

See the same two gates in the distance?

inari and kyoto

That photo is taken with my zoom lens at full stretch. Look what happens as I pull it back up.

inari and kyoto

……and finally…..with minimum zoom…..(can you still see the gates?)

inari and kyoto

This shrine was originally dedicated to the God of rice, but is now more generally dedicated to prosperity. Each of the 10000 gates is donated by an individual or business hoping for prosperity. Foxes are believed to be the animals which guard the shrine and there are lots of stone ones to be seen (but I didn’t see any live ones).
The gates wind up and up the hillside. It’s quite a climb, especially on day like today when the temperature was 26C, but the gates are so close together that they form long shaded tunnels.

Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates
Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates
Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates
Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates
Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates

The gates thread their way through the wooded hillside and near the top you can wander off through forest paths…

Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates
Fushimi Inari Shrine
Fushimi Inari Shrine Torii Gates

I have never experienced anything quite like this. I’ve talked before about “emerveillement” and I strongly believe we need for re-enchantment in our overly materialist attitude to world. Places like this are known as sacred places. To walk in them, to sit in them, to breathe and listen and look around in them, it’s not hard to understand why. Magical.

Fushimi Inari Shrine

helleborus

galaxy

This is not the usual sort of thing for me to post but I just came across this photo from the Hubble telescope and I’ve gone back to it again and again. It’s awe-inspiring. It’s amazing. It’s wonderful.

It’s a couple of galaxies interacting 200 million light years away from here. Between them is this “fountain” of new stars. The distance from the bottom of the lower galaxy to the top of the upper one is 100,000 light years!

Breath-taking

Carrying a camera

I’ve posted before about the value of carrying a camera everywhere. I’ve got two cameras (well, three if you count my mobile phone), a Nikon D70 which takes wonderful high quality photos, and a Nikon Coolpix S10. The D70 is BIG. It’s a conscious decision to take it with me, and, usually, I do that when I’m heading out on a photo trip. The little S10 with it’s amazing swivelling zoom lens is in my jacket pocket all the time (just have to remember to move it when I change my jacket!). I find even having the camera in my pocket makes me look at the world differently. I’ve hardly ever taken photos with my mobile phone (probably haven’t rated it as a “real” camera!) but this site by Chase Jarvis has just changed my mind about that!

Take a look for yourself – go to this link here. I find this totally inspirational! I’m amazed that he takes between one and a thousand photos daily with his iphone and I’m even more amazed by the quality of the photography.